Reporting Verbs and Patterns

Direct থেকে Indirect Speech করার সময় আমরা প্রায় সবাই শুধু "said that" বা "told that" ব্যবহার করি। কিন্তু natural এবং advance English-এ emotion, tone ও intent বোঝানোর জন্য বিভিন্ন ধরনের Reporting Verbs ব্যবহার করা হয়।

চলুন সহজে শিখে নেই common reporting verbs এবং এগুলোর grammatical patterns:

Pattern 1: Verb + that + clause#

এই ধরনের verb-গুলোর পরে সরাসরি 'that' বসে এবং তারপর একটি full clause (Subject + Verb) বসে।

• Common Verbs: say, admit, explain, claim, promise, complain, suggest.
• Structure: Subject + Reporting Verb + that + Clause
• Examples:
• "I broke the glass." ➔ He admitted that he had broken the glass. (সে স্বীকার করল)
• "The train is always late." ➔ She complained that the train was always late.

Pattern 2: Verb + Object + to-infinitive#

এখানে Verb-এর পরেই যাকে বলা হচ্ছে (Object) তাকে বসাতে হয়, এবং তারপরে 'to + Verb base form' বসে।

• Common Verbs: tell, advise, ask, remind, warn, encourage, order.
• Structure: Subject + Reporting Verb + Object + to + Verb (base form)
• Examples:
• "Don't touch the wire!" ➔ He warned me not to touch the wire.
• "Please submit the assignment." ➔ The teacher reminded us to submit the assignment.
• "You should study hard." ➔ My brother advised me to study hard.

Pattern 3: Verb + to-infinitive (No direct object)#

এই verb-গুলোতে object ছাড়াই সরাসরি 'to + Verb' বসে।

• Common Verbs: offer, refuse, agree, promise, demand.
• Structure: Subject + Reporting Verb + to + Verb (base form)
• Examples:
• "I will help you with your baggage." ➔ He offered to help with my baggage.
• "No, I won't eat this." ➔ She refused to eat the food.

Pattern 4: Verb + Verb-ing (Gerund)#

কিছু verb-এর পরে সরাসরি Verb+ing বা Preposition + Verb-ing বসে।

• Common Verbs: admit, deny, suggest, apologize for, insist on.
• Structure:
• Subject + Verb + V-ing
• Subject + Verb + Preposition + V-ing
• Examples:
• "Let's go for a walk in Dhanmondi Lake." ➔ She suggested going for a walk.
• "I didn't take your pen." ➔ He denied taking my pen.
• "I am sorry I am late." ➔ Tanvir apologized for being late.

Common Mistakes Bangladeshi Learners Make:#

• 1.Tell vs. Say:

• ❌ He told to me that... (ভুল)
• ✔️ He said to me that... অথবা He told me that... (সঠিক) — 'Tell'-এর পরে সরাসরি object বসে, 'to' বসে না।

• 2.Suggest এর ব্যবহার:

• ❌ He suggested me to go there. (ভুল)
• ✔️ He suggested going there. অথবা He suggested that I should go there. (সঠিক)

Quick Summary Table:#

• said / replied / explained + that + sentence
• told / advised / ordered + someone + to + verb
• offered / agreed / refused + to + verb
• admitted / denied / suggested + verb-ing