Passive Voice Formation
Passive Voice Formation (English Grammar Lesson in Banglish)
Form passive structures with be plus past participle.
Passive Voice Formation (সহজ বাংলায় Voice Change এর নিয়ম)#
আজকের লেসনে আমরা শিখব কীভাবে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice গঠন (Formation) করতে হয়। দৈনন্দিন Spoken English কিংবা Academic পরীক্ষার জন্য এটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১. Basic Concept: Active vs. Passive#
- Active Voice: যখন Subject বা কর্তা নিজে কাজটি করে।
- Example: Rakib writes a letter. (রাকিব চিঠিটি লেখে)
- Passive Voice: যখন Object-এর ওপর কাজটি করা হয় বা কাজটি প্রধান হয়ে ওঠে।
- Example: A letter is written by Rakib. (রাকিবের দ্বারা চিঠিটি লেখা হয়)
২. Passive Voice তৈরির ৫টি গোল্ডেন রুলস (Golden Rules)#
যেকোনো সাধারণ বাক্যে Passive করার সময় নিচের ৫টি ধাপ ধারাবাহিকভাবে মনে রাখবেন:
- 1.Active-এর Object টি Passive-এর Subject হয়ে যাবে।
- 2.Tense এবং Subject-এর Person ও Number অনুসারে Auxiliary Verb (Be verb) বসবে।
- 3.মূল Verb-এর সবসময় Past Participle (V3) রূপ বসবে।
- 4.একটি Preposition (বেশিরভাগ ক্ষেত্রে 'by') বসবে।
- 5.Active-এর Subject টি Passive-এর Object হয়ে যাবে।
Subject to Object Pronoun Change: - I ➔ Me - We ➔ Us - He ➔ Him - She ➔ Her - They ➔ Them - You / It / Name (যেমন: Rahim) ➔ কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না।
৩. Tense অনুযায়ী Passive Voice-এর Auxiliary Verb-এর তালিকা#
| Tense | Active Structure | Passive Auxiliary Verb + V3 | Example (Active ➔ Passive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Indefinite | V1 (play / plays) | am / is / are + V3 | They play cricket. ➔ Cricket is played by them. |
| Present Continuous | am / is / are + V-ing | am / is / are + being + V3 | She is cooking biryani. ➔ Biryani is being cooked by her. |
| Present Perfect | have / has + V3 | have / has + been + V3 | I have finished the task. ➔ The task has been finished by me. |
| Past Indefinite | V2 (played / wrote) | was / were + V3 | He broke the glass. ➔ The glass was broken by him. |
| Past Continuous | was / were + V-ing | was / were + being + V3 | They were watching a movie. ➔ A movie was being watched by them. |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | had + been + V3 | Sumon had done the work. ➔ The work had been done by Sumon. |
| Future Indefinite | will + V1 | will + be + V3 | I will send an email. ➔ An email will be sent by me. |
| Modals (Can/Could/May/Must) | Modal + V1 | Modal + be + V3 | You must do this. ➔ This must be done by you. |
Note: সাধারণত Present/Past/Future Perfect Continuous এবং Future Continuous Tense-এর Passive রূপের ব্যবহার নেই বললেই চলে।
৪. Quick Tips মনে রাখার কৌশল#
- 1.Continuous Tense থাকলে Auxiliary Verb-এর সাথে অবশ্যই 'being' যোগ হবে।
- 2.Perfect Tense থাকলে Auxiliary Verb-এর সাথে অবশ্যই 'been' যোগ হবে।
- 3.Modal Auxiliary (can, could, may, might, should, must) থাকলে তার সাথে 'be' যুক্ত হবে।
৫. Mini Quiz (নিজেকে যাচাই করুন)#
নিচের বাক্যগুলো Active থেকে Passive করুন:
- 1.Arif reads a book.
- 2.We are learning English.
- 3.Police arrested the thief.
(Answers: 1. A book is read by Arif. 2. English is being learned by us. 3. The thief was arrested by police.)