Degree Transformation

Degree Transformation (Positive, Comparative, Superlative)#

English Grammar-এর একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ এবং কমন টপিক হলো Degree of Comparison। SSC, HSC, BCS কিংবা যেকোনো Admission টেস্টে Degree Transformation থেকে প্রশ্ন আসবেই। চলো খুব সহজ নিয়মে এবং শর্টকাট ট্রিক্সের মাধ্যমে বিষয়টি শিখে নিই।

Degree কী এবং কত প্রকার?#

Adjective বা Adverb-এর তুলনামূলক রূপকে Degree বলে। এটি ৩ প্রকার:

• 1.Positive Degree: সাধারণ কোনো তুলনা ছাড়া একজনের গুণ বোঝাতে (যেমন: good, tall, wise)।
• 2.Comparative Degree: দুই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝাতে (যেমন: better, taller, wiser)।
• 3.Superlative Degree: অনেকের মধ্যে সেরা বা সর্বোচ্চ বোঝাতে (যেমন: best, tallest, wisest)।

Transformation Rules (মুখস্থ রাখার সহজ উপায়)#

Type 1: Normal Superlative (The + Superlative)#

যখন বাক্যে শুধুমাত্র the + superlative থাকে।

• Superlative Structure: Subject + verb + the + Superlative form + extension.
• Example: Shakib is the best player in the team.
• Comparative Structure: Subject + verb + Comparative form + than any other + extension.
• Example: Shakib is better than any other player in the team.
• Positive Structure: No other + extension + verb (singular) + as/so + Positive form + as + Subject.
• Example: No other player in the team is as good as Shakib.

Shortcut Key: Superlative: the ➔ Comparative: than any other ➔ Positive: No other

Type 2: "One of the" যুক্ত Degree#

যখন বাক্যে one of the উল্লেখ থাকে।

• Superlative Structure: Subject + verb + one of the + Superlative form + Plural Noun + extension.
• Example: Nazrul was one of the greatest poets in Bengali literature.
• Comparative Structure: Subject + verb + Comparative form + than most other + Plural Noun + extension.
• Example: Nazrul was greater than most other poets in Bengali literature.
• Positive Structure: Very few + Plural Noun + extension + verb (plural) + as/so + Positive form + as + Subject.
• Example: Very few poets in Bengali literature were as great as Nazrul.

Shortcut Key: Superlative: one of the ➔ Comparative: than most other ➔ Positive: Very few

Note: Very few-এর পর verb সবসময় Plural (যেমন: are/were) হয়।

Type 3: দুজনের মধ্যে তুলনা (Between Two Persons/Things)#

দুজনের মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝালে Superlative হয় না, শুধুমাত্র Positive এবং Comparative হয়।

• Rule: বাক্যটি Affirmative হলে Negative করতে হয়, আর Negative থাকলে Affirmative করতে হয়।

A. Comparative থেকে Positive:#

• Example 1:
• Comparative: Rahim is taller than Karim. (Affirmative)
• Positive: Karim is not as tall as Rahim. (Negative)
• Example 2:
• Comparative: A plane flies faster than a bird.
• Positive: A bird does not fly as fast as a plane.

B. Positive থেকে Comparative:#

• Example 1:
• Positive: He is as wise as his brother.
• Comparative: His brother is not wiser than he.

Quick Revision Table (শর্টকাট চার্ট)#

Practice & Self-Check#

• 1.Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh. (Make it Positive)

• Ans: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.

• 2.Iron is more useful than any other metal. (Make it Superlative)

• Ans: Iron is the most useful metal.

• 3.Very few countries are as beautiful as Bangladesh. (Make it Comparative)

• Ans: Bangladesh is more beautiful than most other countries.