Appropriate Verb Forms

Hello learners! English grammar-এর অন্যতম important এবং scoring একটা topic হলো 'Right Form of Verbs' বা 'Appropriate Verb Forms'। SSC, HSC কিংবা Admission/Job exam—সব জায়গাতেই এই নিয়মগুলো কাজে লাগে। চলুন সহজ ভাষায় কিছু crucial rules এবং examples দেখে নেওয়া যাক:

Rule 1: Subject-Verb Agreement & Present Indefinite#

Subject যদি Third Person Singular Number (He, She, It, Rahat, বা যেকোনো একবচন নাম) হয় এবং বাক্যটি Present Indefinite Tense-এ থাকে, তবে verb-এর সাথে s বা es যুক্ত হয়।

• Incorrect: He go to college everyday.
• Correct: He goes to college everyday.
• Note: Subject plural হলে verb base form-এই থাকবে (e.g., They play football).

Rule 2: Modal Auxiliaries-এর পর Verb Form#

Modal auxiliary verbs যেমন can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to-এর পর সবসময় মূল verb-এর Base Form (V1) বসে।

• You must obey (obey) your parents.
• It may rain (rain) today.
• Passive হলে: Modal + be + V3 হয়। যেমন: The work can be done easily.

Rule 3: Preposition + Verb(ing) এবং এর ব্যতিক্রম#

সাধারণত যেকোনো Preposition (in, on, at, for, of, by, with, without) এর পর verb আসলে সেটার সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয়।

• She is good at singing (sing).
• We cannot live without drinking (drink) water.

⚠️ Exceptions (to-এর নিয়ম):

• সাধারণ 'to'-এর পর verb-এর Base Form (V1) বসে (Infinitive): I went there to meet (meet) him.
• কিন্তু কিছু specific phrases যেমন: with a view to, look forward to, get used to, be accustomed to, addicted to, confess to—এদের পর Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয়!
• Example: I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
• Example: He went to market with a view to buying a laptop.

Rule 4: 'Had better', 'Would rather', 'Let'-এর ব্যবহার#

Had better, would rather, let, make, help-এর পর verb-এর সবসময় Bare Infinitive (Base form/V1) বসে (কোনো 'to' বা 'ing' হবে না)।

• You had better leave (leave) the place now. (Not 'to leave')
• Let him speak (speak) first.

Rule 5: Conditionals (শর্তযুক্ত বাক্য)#

• 1.First Conditional (If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite):

• If it rains, we will stay at home.

• 2.Second Conditional (If + Past Indefinite, Subject + would/could/might + V1):

• If he invited me, I would attend the party.

• 3.Third Conditional (If + Past Perfect, Subject + would have/could have + V3):

• If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.

Rule 6: Just, Already, Yet, Recently#

বাক্যে যদি just, just now, already, yet, recently, lately, ever থাকে, তবে সচরাচর বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense (have/has + V3) হয়।

• I have already finished (finish) my assignment.
• He has not arrived yet.

Quick Practice (নিজেকে যাচাই করুন):#

• 1.She went to the library with a view to (read) ________ newspaper.
• 2.You had better (consult) ________ a doctor.
• 3.If they played well, they (win) ________ the match.

(Answers: 1. reading, 2. consult, 3. would win)