Present Tenses

Hey everyone! Ajke amra English Grammar-er shobcheye important topic niye kotha bolbo: Present Tense (বর্তমান কাল)।

Konokisu ekhon hoy, shob shomoy hoy, ba ekhono cholche—erokom bujhate amra Present Tense use kori।

Present Tense muloto ৪ prokar:

• 1.Simple Present / Present Indefinite
• 2.Present Continuous
• 3.Present Perfect
• 4.Present Perfect Continuous

Cholun shobgulo shohoj vashay bujhe nei!

১. Simple Present (Present Indefinite Tense)#

Kokhono use hoy?

• Ovhasshoto kaj (Daily routine/Habit)
• Chiroshotto shotto (Universal truth)
• Sadharon vabe kono kaj kora bujhate

Structure: Subject + Main Verb (Base Form / V1) + Object *(Subject jodi 3rd Person Singular Number hoy—jemon: He, She, It, ba kono ekjon er nam—tahole Verb er sheshe s ba es jog korte hoy।)*

Examples:

• Ami protidin bhat khai। -> I eat rice every day.
• She school-e jay। -> He goes to school. (He hocche 3rd person singular, tai 'go' er sathe 'es' hoye 'goes' hoyeche)
• Shurjo purbo dike uthe। -> The sun rises in the east.

২. Present Continuous Tense#

Kokhono use hoy?

• Kono kaj bortomane 'cholche' ba 'hocche' bujhate (Right now)

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb + ing + Object

• I er sathe: am
• He/She/It ba Singular er sathe: is
• You/We/They ba Plural er sathe: are

Examples:

• Ami ekhon boi porchi। -> I am reading a book now.
• Tara football khelche। -> They are playing football.
• Brishti hocche। -> It is raining.

৩. Present Perfect Tense#

Kokhono use hoy?

• Kono ekta kaj eitromoddhe shesh hoye geche, kintu tar fol ba effect ekhono ache (ba shesh hoyeche matro)

Structure: Subject + have / has + Past Participle (V3) + Object

• He/She/It ba Singular er jonno: has
• I/We/You/They ba Plural er jonno: have

Examples:

• Ami kajti sesh korechi। -> I have completed the work.
• She lunch kheyeche। -> He has eaten lunch.
• Tara Dhaka chere geche। -> They have left Dhaka.

৪. Present Perfect Continuous Tense#

Kokhono use hoy?

• Kono kaj otite (past-e) shuru hoye ekhono porjonto cholche bujhate
• Ekhane shadharonoto shomoyer ullekh thake: nirdishto shomoy hole 'since' (point of time), ar duration/koto shomoy dhore bujhate 'for' (period of time)

Structure: Subject + have been / has been + Verb + ing + Object + since/for + Time

Examples:

• Shokal theke brishti hocche। -> It has been raining since morning.
• Ami 2 ghonta dhore porashona korchi। -> I have been studying for 2 hours.
• She 2020 theke ekhane chakri korche। -> He has been working here since 2020.

Quick Summary Table:#

• Indefinite: I eat. (Ami khai)
• Continuous: I am eating. (Ami khacchi)
• Perfect: I have eaten. (Ami kheyechi)
• Perfect Continuous: I have been eating for 10 minutes. (Ami 10 minute dhore khacchi)

Bangladeshi Learner-der jonno Pro-Tip: Shobcheye beshi vul hoy '3rd Person Singular Number' e 's/es' add korte giye। Mone rakhben: He go hobe na, shob shomoy hobe He goes!