Reporting Verb Patterns

English Grammar-এ Direct Speech থেকে Indirect Speech করার সময় আমরা প্রায়ই শুধু 'said' বা 'told' ব্যবহার করি। কিন্তু ভাষার সৌন্দর্য বাড়ানো এবং সঠিক ভাব প্রকাশ করার জন্য বিভিন্ন Reporting Verbs ব্যবহার করা হয়।

IELTS, BCS, Bank Exam বা University Admission Test-এ Reporting Verbs-এর পর সঠিক grammatical structure নিয়ে প্রচুর প্রশ্ন আসে। চলুন সহজ বাংলায় প্যাটার্নগুলো শিখে নেওয়া যাক!

১. Pattern 1: Verb + that + clause#

কিছু verb-এর পর সরাসরি that বসে এবং এরপর একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ clause (Subject + Verb) বসে।

• Verbs: say, admit, agree, explain, claim, deny, promise, insist.
• Examples:
• Direct: "I am busy," he said.
• Indirect: He admitted that he was busy.
• Direct: "The train is late," she said.
• Indirect: She explained that the train was late.

২. Pattern 2: Verb + Person (Object) + that + clause#

এই verb-গুলোর পর অবশ্যই যাকে বলা হচ্ছে তাকে (Object/Person) উল্লেখ করতে হবে, তারপর that বসবে।

• Verbs: tell, inform, remind, warn, convince.
• Examples:
• She told me that she would come tomorrow. (কখনোই 'She told that me' হবে না)
• The teacher reminded us that the exam would start at 10 AM.

৩. Pattern 3: Verb + to-infinitive (to + Verb₁)#

এখানে কোনো Object ছাড়াই সরাসরি to + base verb বসে।

• Verbs: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten.
• Examples:
• Direct: "I will help you," Rahim said.
• Indirect: Rahim offered to help me.
• Direct: "I won't pay," he said.
• Indirect: He refused to pay.

৪. Pattern 4: Verb + Person (Object) + to-infinitive#

এই প্যাটার্নে কাকে নির্দেশ দেওয়া হচ্ছে বা উপদেশ দেওয়া হচ্ছে, সেই Object-টি Verb ও to-এর মাঝে বসবে।

• Verbs: advise, ask, encourage, invite, order, remind, warn, forbid.
• Examples:
• The doctor advised him to exercise regularly.
• Mother warned me not to go outside at night.
• Note: 'Forbid' নিজেই negative, তাই এর সাথে 'not' বসে না। (He forbade me to go there).

৫. Pattern 5: Verb + -ing (Gerund)#

কিছু reporting verb-এর পর সরাসরি verb-এর সাথে -ing যোগ হয়।

• Verbs: admit, deny, suggest, recommend.
• Examples:
• Direct: "I didn't break the glass," boy said.
• Indirect: The boy denied breaking the glass.
• He suggested going for a walk.

৬. Pattern 6: Verb + Preposition + -ing#

• Verbs: apologize for, insist on, boast about.
• Examples:
• He apologized for being late.
• She insisted on paying the bill.

৭. Pattern 7: Verb + Person + Preposition + -ing#

• Verbs: accuse (someone) of, congratulate (someone) on, blame (someone) for, thank (someone) for.
• Examples:
• They accused him of stealing the money.
• We congratulated Arif on winning the match.

⚠️ Common Mistakes (বাংলাদেশি শিক্ষার্থীদের সাধারণ ভুল):#

• 1.❌ He said me that he was ill.

✔️ He told me that he was ill. অথবা He said to me that...

• 2.❌ He suggested me to go there.

✔️ He suggested going there. অথবা He suggested that I (should) go there. (মনে রাখবেন, 'suggest'-এর পর কখনোই 'suggest someone to do' হয় না।)

• 3.❌ She explained me the problem.

✔️ She explained the problem to me. অথবা She explained to me that...